Rudbeckia hirta ~ Black Eyed Susan Plant Care Guide
Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed Susan, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Eastern and Central United States. It is one of a number of plants with the common name black-eyed Susan. Other common names for this plant include: brown-eyed Susan, brown Betty, gloriosa daisy, golden Jerusalem, Poorland daisy, yellow daisy, and yellow ox-eye daisy.
It is the state flower of Maryland.
The plant also is a traditional Native American medicinal herb in several tribal nations; believed in those cultures to be a remedy, among other things, for colds, flu, infection, swelling and (topically, by poultice) for snake bite (although not all parts of the plant are edible).
Parts of the plant have nutritional value. Other parts are not edible.
Botanical name: Rudbeckia hirta and other species
Plant type: Flower
USDA Hardiness Zones: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Sun exposure: Full Sun, Part Sun
Flower color: Red, Orange, Yellow
Bloom time: Summer, Fall
Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) are native to North America and one of the most popular wildflowers grown. They tend to blanket open fields, often surprising the passer-by with their golden-yellow beauty.
Members of the sunflower family, the “black eye” is named for the dark brown-purple centers of its daisy-like flower heads. The plants can grow to over 3 feet tall, with leaves of 6 inches, stalks over 8 inches long and flower diameter of 2 to 3 inches.
Butterflies, bees and a variety of insects are attracted to the flowers for the nectar. As they drink the nectar, they move pollen from one plant to another, causing it to grow fruits and seeds that can move about easily with the wind.
These plants bloom from June to October. Note that they can be territorial in that they tend to squash out other flowers growing near them.
Black-eyed Susans are good for cut flowers; they also work well for borders or in containers.
Planting
- Black-eyed Susans when the soil temperature has reached 70 degrees F for best seed germination. In many parts of North America, the planting period is March to May. The flower will flower June to September. Germination takes 7 to 30 days.
- Plant seeds in moist, well-drained soil.
- These hearty flowers really enjoy the Sun. They prefer full sun, though they’ll grow in partial sun.
- Sow by seed in loosely covered soil.
- It’s best if soil is fertile (not poor) though they can tolerate tough conditions.
- Black-eyed Susans generally grow between 1 and 3 feet tall (though they can grow taller) and can spread between 12 to 18 inches, so plant seeds closer to prevent lots of spreading or plant further apart to make a nice border.
Care
- Check your plants regularly to see if they need watering. Make sure they don’t dry out.
- Divide perennial types every 3 to 4 years to ensure healthy plants and to prevent excessive spreading.
- Be sure to remove faded/dead flowers to prolong blooming.
- You can cut back black-eyed Susans after they flower and a second, smaller bloom may occur in late fall.
Pests
- These plants are susceptible to powdery mildew fungi, so begin an organic antifungal program if the lower leaves turn brown and twisted.
- Slugs and snails
- Aphids
- Powdery mildew
- Rust
- Smut
- Leaf spots
Harvest/Storage
After the first season, black-eyed susans can reseed themselves!
Recommended Varieties
- Becky Mixed, which offers a variety of colors for your garden, such as lemon-yellow, golden-yellow, dark red, and reddish-brown.
- Sonora, which has bright yellow flowers.
- Toto, which is a dwarf type and ideal for containers.
Special Features
- Attracts Butterflies
Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia hirta L.
Black-eyed Susan, Common black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan
Asteraceae (Aster Family)
Synonym(s):
USDA Symbol: RUHI2
USDA Native Status: L48 (N), AK (I), CAN (N)
This cheerful, widespread wildflower is considered an annual to a short-lived perennial across its range. Bright-yellow, 2-3 in. wide, daisy-like flowers with dark centers are its claim-to-fame. They occur singly atop 1-2 ft. stems. The stems and scattered, oval leaves are covered with bristly hairs. Coarse, rough-stemmed plant with daisy-like flower heads made up of showy golden-yellow ray flowers, with disk flowers forming a brown central cone.
This native prairie biennial forms a rosette of leaves the first year, followed by flowers the second year. It is covered with hairs that give it a slightly rough texture. The Green-headed Coneflower (R. laciniata) has yellow ray flowers pointing downward, a greenish-yellow disk, and irregularly divided leaves.
More …
Care of a Black Eyed Susan Plant
Fairy Spuds :) Claytonia virginica ~ Edible Spring Wildflowers
“Claytonia virginica 2 Radnor Lake” by Kaldari – Own work. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons
Claytonia virginica (L.), the Eastern spring beauty, Virginia spring beauty, or fairy spud, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Portulacaceae. Its native range is Eastern North America. Its scientific name honors Colonial Virginia botanist John Clayton (1694–1773).
Spring beauty is found in the Eastern temperate deciduous forest of North America. It is noted for its abundance throughout many parts of its range, especially in forests. The plant can be found throughout many different habitat types including lawns, city parks, forests, roadsides, wetlands, bluffs, and ravines.
This plant has been used medicinally by the Iroquois, who would give a cold infusion or decoction of the powdered roots to children suffering from convulsions. They would also eat the raw roots, believing that they permanently prevented conception. They would also eat the roots as food,[13] as would the Algonquin people, who cooked them like potatoes. Spring beauty corms along with the entire above ground portion of the plant are safe for human consumption.
Our most widely distributed early spring flower. Flower stalks bear several flowers branching from the main stem; flowers with 2 sepals that fall off as the flower opens; 5 petals, white (sometimes pink) with distinct pink veining; 5 pink stamens. Blooms February–May. Leaves 1 or 2 basal and 1 opposite pair on stems, narrow, lanceolate, tapering to a sessile base, dark green, sometimes purplish, fleshy. Root a rounded corm.
“Claytonia virginica, Fox Chapel, 2015-04-18, 01” by Cbaile19 – Own work. Licensed under CC0 via Wikimedia Commons
Size:
Height: about 5 inches during flowering; about twice that tall later.
Habitat and conservation:
Found, often in abundance, in open woods, fields, valleys, suburban lawns, and sometimes rocky ledges. This species is also called the Virginia spring beauty, picking up on the scientific name, as well as “fairy spud,” for the edible corms, which resemble tiny potatoes.
Distribution in Missouri:
Statewide.
Human connections:
This well-named plant provides a bounty of beauty in the woods as well as in open areas and yards. The potato-like corms (“fairy spuds”) and the leaves are edible, and naturally Native Americans knew this well before today’s wild-foods enthusiasts.
Ecosystem connections:
This and other tender plants that emerge in early spring provide a welcome dietary boost for many animals, from insects to birds to mammals. Other plants in the purslane family include the garden favorite “moss rose,” and the bitterroot flower of the Rocky Mountains.
Fairy Spud Cultivation
Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, moist to slightly dry conditions, and a rich loamy soil with abundant organic matter. This wildflower will adapt to semi-shaded areas of lawns if mowing is delayed during the spring. Both the flowers and foliage fade away by mid-summer. The easy way to start plants is by obtaining their corms, although these are expensive to buy from nurseries.
Range & Habitat: The native Spring Beauty is a common wildflower that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to dry deciduous woodlands, savannas, thinly wooded bluffs, city parks, old cemeteries, and lawns (particularly near trees). Less often, this species is found in mesic prairies, but it is primarily a woodland plant. Spring Beauty can survive more environmental degradation than most spring-blooming woodland species, including occasional grazing by cattle and partial clearing of trees. This is one reason why it is still common.
“Flickr – Nicholas T – Pink Striae” by Nicholas A. Tonelli from Pennsylvania, USA – Pink Striae. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons
The Spring Beauty, also Springbeauty, is a longtime standard for foragers. They are abundant in some areas, rare in others. Thus forage with some local consideration. True to its name the attractive wild flower is a sign of spring and easy to recognize from other spring blossoms. The white to pink petals have pink stripes, sometimes pale, sometimes bright, but pink stripes nonetheless. Each blossom also only has two sepals (leaves right under the blossom.) Lower leaves are strap-like varying in size and width. The plant grows small roots that remind people of tiny potatoes, hence the nickname “Fairy Spuds.” At least one botanist said you can eat them “but their small size makes this rather impractical.” Famous forager Euell Gibbons clearly would disagree.
Perhaps no other wildflower announces the new season as fervently as the spring beauty … here
Grass Widows ~ Wildflowers ~ Purple Eyed Grass
Olsynium douglasii (syn. Sisyrinchium douglasii, Sisyrinchium grandiflorum) is a flowering plant, commonly known as grasswidows, in the genus Olsynium, native to western North America from southern British Columbia south to northern California, and east to northwest Utah. It is the only species in the genus Olsynium in North America, the remaining 11 species being from South America. It was formerly treated in the related genus Sisyrinchium.
It is a perennial herbaceous bulbiferous plant growing to 10-40 cm tall. The leaves are slender linear, 10-30 cm long and 1.5-3 mm broad. The flowers are bell-shaped, 15-25 mm long, with six purple tepals.
There are two varieties:
Olsynium douglasii var. douglasii. Coastal western North America. Flower filaments with a narrow base.
Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum. Interior western North America. Flower filaments with an inflated base.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olsynium_douglasii
Grass Widow (Olsynium douglassii>) is an early-blooming, perennial plant of open woodlands and rocky meadows that are wet in early spring but later dry up.
The satiny, reddish-purple to pinkish-purple flowers are up to about 1.5 in (4 cm) across and the whole plant is less than 12 in (30 cm) tall.
Hundreds of these purple flowers can cover a meadow, creating a beautiful scene as they shimmer in the breeze.
Other common names for this plant are Satin Flower and Douglas’ Blue-Eyed Grass. It has also had a different genus: Sisyrinchium
The species name douglasii honors David Douglas, a botanist who was an early explorer of the Pacific Northwest. You might have heard of Douglas Fir? Well, that was another plant named after David Douglas.
Grass Widow is in the iris family, Iridaceae, which includes only a handful of species in our region. One that is probably familiar to many northwesterners is Oregon Iris(Iris tenax).
http://www.wildpnw.com/2011/03/30/wildflower-wednesday-grass-widow/#.VN-swubF9jE
The Iris Family in the Columbia River Gorge of Oregon and Washington]
Douglas’ Grasswidow, Grass Widow, Satin-flower
http://science.halleyhosting.com/nature/gorge/3petal/iris/grasswidow.htm
Satin flower, Grass widow; Olsynium douglasii
http://sanjuanislandtrails.org/plantsw/plant-gallery/attachment/satinflowers0071/
Grass Widows Gallery
http://www.lensjoy.com/gallery/73.htm
Lemmon’s Indian paintbrush ~ Castilleja lemmonii
Castilleja lemmonii is a species of Indian paintbrush known by the common name Lemmon’s Indian paintbrush. It is native to the high mountain ranges of eastern California and just into western Nevada, where it grows in moist meadows. It is a perennial herb 10 to 20 centimeters tall coated in glandular hairs. The leaves are 2 to 4 centimeters long and linear to narrowly lance-shaped. The inflorescence is made up of many purple- or pink-tipped greenish bracts. Between the bracts appear small yellowish flowers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilleja_lemmonii
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Botany Photo of the Day
I’ve returned from two weeks of work in the field and two weeks of vacation, but here is another entry from Taisha today while I continue to catch up on correspondence. Taisha writes:
Thanks to Eric Hunt.@Flickr for this photograph of Castilleja lemmonii, or Lemmon’s Indian paintbrush. It was taken in July of 2009 in an alpine meadow between California’s Greenstone Lake and Saddlebag Lake, located in the Inyo National Forest of Mono County. Thanks, Eric!
Castilleja lemmonii is perennial species native to California. It is found in moist meadows in the southern Cascades and the Sierra Nevada at elevations of 1550-3700 m. Grey-green lanceolate leaves are held on an unbranched stem that can reach up to 20 cm in height. The inflorescence consists of a collection of pink to purple-red bracts that surround green tubular flowers.
http://www.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/potd/2014/08/castilleja-lemmonii.php
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Lemmon’s Indian paintbrush (Castilleja lemmonii)
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Lemmon’s_Indian_paintbrush
Calflora
http://www.calflora.org/entry/plantchar.html?crn=1708
Indian Paintbrush – Officially known as Castilleja, and also called Prairie-fire, this is a genus of about 200 species of Broomrape family, that are native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes. The flowers of Indian Paintbrush are edible and sweet, and were consumed in moderation by various Native American tribes as a condiment with other fresh greens. These plants can be potentially very toxic if the roots or green parts of the plant are consumed. It has similar health benefits to consuming garlic if only the flowers are eaten in small amounts and in moderation. The Chippewa Indians are know the use Indian Paintbrush as a medicine to treat rheumatism and as a bath rinse to make their hair glossy. Both applications are useful due to it’s selenium content. Nevada Indian tribes used the plant to treat sexually-transmitted diseases and to enhance the immune system and Hopi women drank a tea of the whole Indian paintbrush to “Dry up the menstrual flow.”
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-herbs6.html
Artemisia ~ Mugwort, Wormwood, Sagebrush Plant Care Guide
Artemisia /ˌɑrtɨˈmiːziə/[2] is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. Artemisia comprises hardy herbaceous plants and shrubs, which are known for the powerful chemical constituents in their essential oils. Artemisia species grow in temperate climates of both hemispheres, usually in dry or semiarid habitats. Notable species include A. vulgaris (common mugwort), A. tridentata (big sagebrush), A. annua (sagewort), A. absinthum (wormwood), A. dracunculus (tarragon), and A. abrotanum (southernwood). The leaves of many species are covered with white hairs.
Selected species
Artemisia abrotanum L.–Southernwood, Southern Wormwood, Abrotanum, Lemon Plant
Artemisia absinthium L.–Grand Wormwood
Artemisia adamsii Besser
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.–African Wormwood, African Sagebrush
Artemisia alaskana Rydb.–Alaska Wormwood
Artemisia alcockii Pamp.
Artemisia aleutica Hultén–Aleutian Wormwood
Artemisia amoena Poljakov
Artemisia annua L.–Annual Wormwood, Sweet Sagewort, Sweet Annie
Artemisia araxina Takht.
Artemisia arborescens–Tree Wormwood
Artemisia arbuscula Nutt.–Little Sagebrush, Low Sagebrush, Black Sage
Artemisia arctica Less.–Boreal Sagebrush
Artemisia arctisibirica Korobkov
Artemisia arenaria DC.
Artemisia arenicola Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia argentata Klokov
Artemisia argentea L’Hér.–Madeira wormwood
Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot
Artemisia argyrophylla Ledeb.
Artemisia armeniaca Lam.
Artemisia aschurbajewii C.G.Aro
Artemisia australis Less.–ʻĀhinahina, Oʻahu Wormwood[10]
Artemisia austriaca Jacq.
Artemisia avarica Minat.
Artemisia badhysi Krasch. & Lincz. ex Poljakov
Artemisia balchanorum Krasch.
Artemisia baldshuanica Krasch. & Zaprjag.
Artemisia bargusinensis Spreng.
Artemisia bejdemaniae Leonova
Artemisia biennis Willd.–Biennial Sagewort, Biennial Wormwood
Artemisia bigelovii A.Gray–Bigelow Sage, Bigelow Sagebrush
Artemisia borealis Pall.
Artemisia borotalensis Poljakov
Artemisia bottnica Lundstr. ex Kindb.
Artemisia caespitosa Ledeb.
Artemisia californica Less.–Coastal Sagebrush, California Sagebrush
Artemisia camelorum Krasch.
Artemisia campestris L.–Field Wormwood
Artemisia camphorata Vill.
Artemisia cana Pursh–Silver Sagebrush
Artemisia canadensis Michx.–Canada Wormwood
Artemisia capillaris Thunb.–Capillary Wormwood
Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth.–Carruth Sagewort, Carruth’s Sagebrush
Artemisia caruifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
Artemisia caucasica Willd.
Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill.
Artemisia cina O.Berg & C.F.Schmidt–Santonica, Levant Wormseed
Artemisia ciniformis Krasch. & Popov ex Poljakov
Artemisia commutata Besser
Artemisia compacta Fisch. ex DC.
Artemisia cuspidata Krasch.
Artemisia czukavinae Filatova
Artemisia daghestanica Krasch. & Poretzky
Artemisia demissa Krasch.
Artemisia depauperata Krasch.
Artemisia deserti Krasch.
Artemisia desertorum Spreng.
Artemisia diffusa Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia dimoana Popov
Artemisia dolosa Krasch.
Artemisia douglasiana Bess.–Douglas’ Mugwort, Douglas’ Sagewort
Artemisia dracunculus L.–Tarragon
Artemisia dubia Wall.
Artemisia dubjanskyana Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia dumosa Poljakov
Artemisia elongata Filatova & Ladygina
Artemisia eremophila Krasch. & Butkov ex Poljakov
Artemisia eriantha Ten.
Artemisia feddei H.Lév. & Vaniot
Artemisia fedtschenkoana Krasch.
Artemisia ferganensis Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia filifolia Torr.–Sand Sagebrush, Sand Sagebush, Silvery Wormwood
Artemisia flava Jurtzev
Artemisia franserioides Greene–Ragweed Sagebrush
Artemisia freyniana (Pamp.) Krasch.
Artemisia frigida Willd.–Fringed Sagebrush, Fringed Sagewort, Prairie Sagewort
Artemisia fulvella Filatova & Ladygina
Artemisia furcata Bieb.–Forked Wormwood
Artemisia galinae Ikonn.
Artemisia genipi Weber ex Stechm.
Artemisia glabella Kar. & Kir.
Artemisia glacialis L.–Glacier Wormwood, Alpine Mugwort
Artemisia glanduligera Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia glauca Pall. ex Willd.
Artemisia glaucina Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia globosa Krasch.
Artemisia globularia Cham. ex Bess.–Purple Wormwood
Artemisia glomerata Ledeb.–Cudweed Sagewort, Pacific Alpine Wormwood
Artemisia gmelinii Webb ex Stechmann–Gmelin’s Wormwood
Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt.
Artemisia gorjaevii Poljakov
Artemisia gracilescens Krasch. & Iljin
Artemisia granatensis Boiss. ex DC.
Artemisia gurganica (Krasch.) Filatova
Artemisia gypsacea Krasch., Popov & Lincz. ex Poljakov
Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Besser
Artemisia halophila Krasch.
Artemisia heptapotamica Poljakov
Artemisia herba-alba Asso–White Wormwood
Artemisia hippolyti Butkov
Artemisia hololeuca M.Bieb. ex Besser
Artemisia hulteniana Vorosch.
Artemisia incana (L.) Druce
Artemisia indica Willd.–Yomogi
Artemisia insulana Krasch.
Artemisia insularis Kitam.
Artemisia integrifolia L.
Artemisia issykkulensis Poljakov
Artemisia jacutica Drobow
Artemisia japonica Thunb.–Otoko Yomogi
Artemisia juncea Kar. & Kir.
Artemisia karatavica Krasch. & Abolin ex Poljakov
Artemisia karavajevii Leonova
Artemisia kaschgarica Krasch.
Artemisia kauaiensis (Skottsberg) Skottsberg–ʻĀhinahina, Kauaʻi Wormwood
Artemisia keiskeana Miq.
Artemisia kelleri Krasch.
Artemisia kemrudica Krasch.
Artemisia knorringiana Krasch.
Artemisia kochiiformis Krasch. & Lincz. ex Poljakov
Artemisia koidzumii Nakai
Artemisia kopetdaghensis Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia korovinii Poljakov
Artemisia korshinskyi Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia krushiana Bess.–Krush’s Wormwood
Artemisia kulbadica Boiss. & Buhse
Artemisia kuschakewiczii C.G.A.Winkl.
Artemisia laciniata Willd.–Siberian Wormwood
Artemisia laciniatiformis Kom.
Artemisia lactiflora Kom.
Artemisia lagocephala (Besser) DC.
Artemisia lagopus Fisch. ex Besser
Artemisia lanata Willd.
Artemisia latifolia Ledeb.
Artemisia ledebouriana Besser
Artemisia lehmanniana Bunge
Artemisia leontopodioides Fisch. ex Besser
Artemisia lessingiana Besser
Artemisia leucodes Schrenk
Artemisia leucophylla (Turcz. ex Besser) Pamp.
Artemisia leucotricha Krasch. ex Ladygina
Artemisia lindleyana Bess.–Columbia River Wormwood
Artemisia lipskyi Poljakov
Artemisia littoricola Kitam.
Artemisia longifolia Nutt.–Longleaf Sagebrush, Longleaf Wormwood
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.–Gray Sagewort, Prairie Sage, White Sagebrush
Artemisia macilenta (Maxim.) Krasch.
Artemisia macrantha Ledeb.
Artemisia macrobotrys Ledeb.–Yukon Wormwood
Artemisia macrocephala Jacq. ex Besser
Artemisia macrorhiza Turcz.
Artemisia maracandica Bunge
Artemisia maritima L.–Sea Wormwood
Artemisia marschalliana Spreng.
Artemisia martjanovii Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia mauiensis (A.Gray) Skottsberg–ʻĀhinahina, Maui Wormwood
Artemisia maximovicziana Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia medioxima Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia messerschmidtiana Besser
Artemisia michauxiana Bess.–Michaux Sagebrush, Michaux’s Wormwood
Artemisia minor Jacq. ex Besser
Artemisia mogoltavica Poljakov
Artemisia mongolica (Besser) Fisch. ex Nakai
Artemisia mongolorum Krasch.
Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp.
Artemisia mucronulata Poljakov
Artemisia multisecta Leonova
Artemisia mutellina Vill.
Artemisia nachitschevanica Rzazade
Artemisia nakaii Pamp.
Artemisia namanganica Poljakov
Artemisia nana Gaudin
Artemisia negrei Ouyahya
Artemisia nesiotica Raven–Island Sagebrush
Artemisia nigricans Filatova & Ladygina
Artemisia niitakayamensis Hayata
Artemisia nilagirica (C.B.Clarke) Pamp.
Artemisia nitida Bertol.
Artemisia nortonii Pamp.
Artemisia norvegica Fr.–Norwegian Mugwort
Artemisia nova A.Nels.–Black Sagebrush
Artemisia nuristanica Kitam.
Artemisia obscura Pamp.
Artemisia obtusa Rydb.
Artemisia obtusiloba Ledeb.
Artemisia occidentalisichuanensis Y.R.Ling & S.Y.Zhao
Artemisia occidentalisinensis Y.R.Ling
Artemisia oelandica (Besser) Krasch.
Artemisia olchonensis Leonova
Artemisia oliveriana J.Gay ex Besser
Artemisia ordosica Krasch.
Artemisia orientalixizangensis Y.R.Ling & Humphries
Artemisia orientaliyunnanensis Y.R.Ling
Artemisia orthobotrys Kitag.
Artemisia packardiae J.Grimes & Ertter–Packard’s Wormwood, Succor Creek Sagebrush
Artemisia pallasiana Fisch. ex Besser
Artemisia palmeri A.Gray–San Diego Sagewort
Artemisia palustris L.
Artemisia pannosa Krasch.
Artemisia papposa S.F.Blake & Cronq.–Owyhee Sage, Owyhee Sagebrush
Artemisia parryi A.Gray–Parry’s Wormwood
Artemisia pattersonii A.Gray–Patterson’s Wormwood
Artemisia pectinata Pall.
Artemisia pedatifida Nutt.–Birdfoot Sagebrush
Artemisia pedemontana Balb.
Artemisia persica Boiss.
Artemisia pewzowii C.G.A.Winkl.
Artemisia phaeolepis Krasch.
Artemisia polysticha Poljakov
Artemisia pontica L.–Roman Wormwood
Artemisia porrecta Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia porteri Cronq.–Porter’s Wormwood
Artemisia prasina Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia princeps Pamp.–Japanese Mugwort, Yomogi
Artemisia proceriformis Krasch.
Artemisia prolixa Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia punctigera Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia purshiana Besser
Artemisia pycnocephala (Less.) DC.–Beach Wormwood
Artemisia pycnorhiza Ledeb.
Artemisia pygmaea A.Gray–Pygmy Sagebrush
Artemisia quinqueloba Trautv.
Artemisia remotiloba Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia rhodantha Rupr.
Artemisia rigida (Nutt.) A.Gray–Scabland Sagebrush
Artemisia rothrockii A.Gray–Timberline Sagebrush
Artemisia roxburghiana Wall. ex Besser
Artemisia rubripes Nakai
Artemisia rupestris L.–Rock Wormwood
Artemisia rutifolia Stephan ex Spreng.
Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. ex Hook.f.
Artemisia saissanica (Krasch.) Filatova
Artemisia saitoana Kitam.
Artemisia salsoloides Willd.
Artemisia samoiedorum Pamp.
Artemisia santolina Schrenk
Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz. ex Besser
Artemisia santonica L.
Artemisia saposhnikovii Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia schischkinii Krasch.
Artemisia schmidtiana
Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb.
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.–Redstem Wormwood
Artemisia scopiformis Ledeb.
Artemisia scopulorum A.Gray–Alpine Sagebrush, Dwarf Sagebrush
Artemisia scotina Nevski
Artemisia senjavinensis Bess.–Arctic Wormwood
Artemisia semiarida (Krasch. & Lavrenko) Filatova
Artemisia senjavinensis Besser
Artemisia sericea Weber ex Stechm.
Artemisia serotina Bunge
Artemisia serrata Nutt.–Sawtooth Wormwood
Artemisia sieversiana Willd.
Artemisia skorniakowii C.G.A.Winkl.
Artemisia sogdiana Bunge
Artemisia songarica Schrenk
Artemisia spicigera K.Koch
Artemisia spinescens D.C.Eaton–Budsage
[ = Picrothamnus desertorum ]
Artemisia splendens Willd.
Artemisia stelleriana Bess.–Hoary Mugwort or Dusty Miller (one of several plants with this name)
Artemisia stenocephala Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia stenophylla Kitam.
Artemisia stolonifera (Maxim.) Kom.
Artemisia subarctica Krasch.
Artemisia subchrysolepis Filatova
Artemisia sublessingiana Krasch. ex Poljakov
Artemisia subsalsa Filatova
Artemisia subviscosa Turcz. ex Besser
Artemisia succulenta Ledeb.
Artemisia suksdorfii Piper–Coastal Wormwood
Artemisia sylvatica Maxim.
Artemisia szowitziana (Besser) Grossh.
Artemisia tanacetifolia L.
Artemisia taurica Willd.
Artemisia tenuisecta Nevski
Artemisia terrae-albae Krasch.
Artemisia tianschanica Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.–Tilesius’ Wormwood
Artemisia tomentella Trautv.
Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb.
Artemisia transbaicalensis Leonova
Artemisia transiliensis Poljakov
Artemisia trautvetteriana Besser
Artemisia tridentata Nutt.–Big Sagebrush, Blue Sage, Black Sage, Basin Sagebrush
Artemisia triniana Besser
Artemisia tripartita Rydb.–Threetip Sagebrush
Artemisia turanica Krasch.
Artemisia turcomanica Gand.
Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.–Alps Wormwood
Artemisia unalaskensis Rydb.
Artemisia underwoodii Rydb.
Artemisia uralensis Spreng. ex Besser
Artemisia uraorum Hultén
Artemisia uzbekistanica Poljakov
Artemisia vachanica Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia valida Krasch. ex Poljak.
Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte–Chinese Wormwood
Artemisia viridis Willd.
Artemisia vulgaris L.–Mugwort
Artemisia wallichiana Besser
Artemisia waltonii J.R.Drumm. ex Pamp.
Artemisia wudanica Liou & W.Wang
Artemisia wulingshanensis Bar. & Skv. ex Liou
Artemisia wurzellii C.M.James & Stace
Artemisia xerophila Magnier
Artemisia xerophytica Krasch.
Artemisia xylorhiza Krasch. ex Filatova
Artemisia yadongensis Ling & Y.R.Ling
Artemisia yongii Y.R.Ling
Artemisia younghusbandii J.R.Drumm. ex Pamp.
Artemisia zayuensis Y.R.Ling
Artemisia zhaodongensis G.Y.Chang & M.Y.Liou
Artemisia zhongdianensis Y.R.Ling
Artemisia zollingeriana Sch.Bip.[11]
Formerly placed here
- Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch. (as A. minima L.)
- Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small (as A. capillifolia Lam.)
- Filifolium sibiricum (L.) Kitam. (as A. sibirica (L.) Maxim.)
- Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. (as A. maderaspatana L.)
- Matricaria discoidea DC. (as A. matricarioides auct.)[12]
How to Plant Silver King Artemisia
Artemisia ludoviciana “Silver King” is popular in moon gardens, white gardens and dry gardens, as well as mixed herb or perennial borders. Commonly known as white sage, Silver King artemisia grows in tight clumps to a height of 2 to 3 feet. Silver King is also used in cutting gardens as a source of fresh and dry plant material for home decoration. Upright stiff stems and narrow, lance-shaped leaves make Silver King useful as tall filler in flower arrangements. When cut and hang-dried in an attic or closet, Silver King makes an excellent base-plant material for dried wreaths and arrangements to decorate your home.
1
Dig a hole two to three times as wide as your clump of Silver King artemisia. Spade to loosen the soil in the bottom of the hole to a depth of 6 to 8 inches, or deeper than the clump or pot of artemisia.
2
Pour 1 to 2 quarts decomposed organic matter or well-rotted or dehydrated manure into the hole. Spade to incorporate this composted material into the soil in the hole.
3
Fill the hole with water. The water should slowly seep away. If water stands in the hole, deeper tillage is necessary to loosen any hardpan in the garden that prevents good drainage. Silver King artemisia requires well-drained soil for survival.
4
Place your clump of artemisia in the hole. Add soil around the roots. Take care to keep the crown of the artemisia at the same soil level as its previous level. After the clump of artemisia is stabilized, finish filling the hole with soil and tamp with your foot or a tamping device to firm the soil around the roots of the artemisia.
5
Cut back the top of your artemisia to reduce transplant shock, which is a difficulty taking in enough water due to root pruning during transplanting. Cutting back also encourages branching growth for a compact, sturdy plant.
6
Water your artemisia daily for the first two weeks, then twice a week until vigorous growth is under way.
Things You Will Need
- Garden spade
- Composted organic matter
Tip
- When planting potted Silver King artemisia, remove the plant from the pot. With your fingers gently loosen roots that are growing around the outside perimeter of the root ball. If the potted plant is root bound, lay the plant on the ground sideways. Take your spade and chop into the roots with a vertical slice. If the root ball is larger than quart size and the roots are seriously matted, make two to three chops to encourage new root growth in a less compact area. Plant according to the instructions for a clump of artemisia.
- Cut artemisia back to the base in autumn.
Warning
- Silver King artemisia can be invasive. Remove root suckers to discourage rampant growth.
References
- Washington State University: Moon Gardens
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Water Efficient Plants
- Iowa State University: Artemisia
- The American Horticultural Society A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants; Christopher Brickell and Judith D. Zuk
About the Author
A licensed therapist who specializes in treatment of families and children, Judy Kilpatrick earned a B.A. in communications and an M.S. in marriage and family therapy from East Carolina University. Her photography and articles appear in regional and national publications.
Photo Credits
- Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images
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See Also …
Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Silver King’
How to Care for a Silver Mound Plant
Artemisia ludoviciana @ Native Plant Database
Tips For Silver Mound Care
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How the Fairies Were Born
How To Create A Moon Garden
Leiophyllum buxifolium ~ Mountain myrtle, Sand myrtle Plant Care Guide
“Most plants grow from their tips to add length. By contrast, grass grows from its base, emerging from a bud at, or just under, the soil surface, where sensitive growth tissues remain safe from the elements and hungry herds.” — Douglas Chadwick, The American Prairie, Root of the Sky, National Geographic, October 1993
ok this is and is not a plant care guide as there are no cultivated species of this plant, it is a wild flower of Tennessee and some other areas in North America. Some states it is an endangered species so please check your area if interested in having in your native garden, i am certain the DNR could help you.
| Leiophyllum buxifolium |
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This species is found in three disjunct locations in the United States: the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina, and the southeastern Blue Ridge Province. (Strand and Wyatt 1991) It has yet to be resolved if plants at these three locations are members of the same species, or different varieties. (Radford et al. 1968)Leiphyllum buxifolium, or sand myrtle, is an evergreen shrub, with adventitious roots (Small 1933, Gleason 1952, Hightshoe 1988, Foote and Jones 1994); it is in a monotypic North American genus (a genus consisting of a single species). L. buxifolium is placed in the family Ericaceae because of its pollen structure; however, its flower rather resembles species from the Diapensiaceae family. The hermaphroditic pinkish-white flowers are arranged in umbel-shaped clusters and bloom during May. This shrub is only 0.2-1 m tall and can grow erect, prostrate, or decumbent stems, in accordance with location or altitude. Its flowers are white or pinkish, arranged in terminal umbel-shaped clusters (Dirr 1998).
State Range
Habitat
Distribution
Number Left
State/Area Protection
Ecological Relationships
Threats
Current Research Summary
Current Management Summary
Research Management Needs
Ex Situ Needs |
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References
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Dirr, M.A. 1998. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Champaign, Illinois: Stipes Publishing L. L. C. |
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Foote, L.E.; Jones, S.B., Jr. 1994. Native Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southeast. Oregon: Timber Press. |
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Hightshoe, G.L. 1988. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. |
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Radford, A.E.; Ahles, H.E.; Bell, C.R. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 1183p. |
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Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. New York, NY: Hafner Publishing Company. 1505p. |
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Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC. |
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(2000). Showy Native Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines. [Web site] NC State University. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/native/scientific_namea-e.html. Accessed: 2002. |
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(2002). Leiophyllum buxifolium: Tour of Ericaceae Family. [Web site] American Rhododendron Society, Massachusetts Chapter. http://www.rosebay.org/chapterweb/index.htm. Accessed: 2002. |
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(2002). New York Metropolitan Flora Project: Metropolitan Plant Encyclopedia. [Searchable Web site] Brooklyn Botanic Garden. http://www.bbg.org/sci/nymf/encyclopedia/contents.htm. Accessed: 2002. |
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Kron, K.A.; King, J.M. 1996. Cladistic Relationships of Kalmia, Leiophyllum, and Loiseleuria (Phyllodoceae, Ericaceae) Based on RBCL and NRITS Data. Systematic Botany. 21, 1: 17-29. |
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Schuyler, A.E.; Gordon, T. 2002. Rare plants in the Middle Branch of the Forked River watershed, Lacey Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. Bartonia. 21: 117-121. |
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Strand, A.E.; Wyatt, R. 1991. Geographical variation and biosystematics of Sand Myrtle, Leiophyllum buxifolium (Ericaceae). Systematic Botany. 16, 3: 529-45. |
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White, S.P. 1983. Evidence that temperate east North American evergreen woody plants follow corners rules. New Phytologist. 95, 1: 139-146. |
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Morse, L.E. 1988. Rare Plants of Appalacian Bedrock. The Nature Conservancy Magazine: 38. |
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Clemants, S. 1998. Sand Myrtle Technical Page. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Botanic Garden. p.2. Web page.
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See Also ….
Name that Plant
Taylor’s Guide to Shrubs: How to Select and Grow More Than 500 Ornamental
Leiophyllum buxifolium Box Sandmyrtle ~ Ericaceae
Sand-myrtle (Leiophyllum buxifolium)
Sand Myrtle – Leiophyllum buxifolium PDF
Kalmia buxifolia
Mountain Myrtle, Sand Myrtle – Leiophyllum buxifolium ~ Wildflowers of US
Garden to Attract More Pollinators
Garden to Attract More Pollinators
I have a bumper sticker that reminds everyone who likes to eat to thank a farmer, but maybe we need one that exhorts us to celebrate the pollinators that make it all possible. Farmers and gardeners depend on honeybees and other insects to move pollen from plant to plant so many of edibles we enjoy can produce food for us.
The bees are seeking food — the pollen and nectar contained in blooming flowers. In a beautiful natural symbiosis, we both get what we want when flowers give up their nectar and some of their pollen and are pollinated in the process. Without pollinators, we would go hungry. The vast majority of edibles require pollinators to do what would be otherwise unaffordable, valued at nearly $4 billion but honestly, priceless.
Plant More Flowers
In choosing annual flowers for planting this spring, remember to include plenty that attract bees, butterflies, and other insect pollinators to your garden. Devote an area at least four feet square to a bed or collection of containers and choose some in bloom now and others that flower from summer to fall. Different bees and other insects arrive at intervals throughout the year and you want them all to find some food. As they learn they can depend on this food source, pollinators will visit often and so be there when you need them to pollinate your food crops. Plant a combination of heights, colors, and flower sizes in your foursquare for best results.
Follow Your Plan
Pick flowers that suit your gardening style but also provide diversity and high nectar production. For example, let pansies bloom at ground level in early spring followed by French marigold and Lilliput zinnia for later spring and summer. At knee height, snapdragons can be followed by amaranth and the shorter cleomes. Taller, at waist high and above you can use larkspur for early bloom, followed by sunflowers and Mexican sunflowers. Some of these will reseed for years.
You can also grow perennials to attract pollinators. Chives blooms start the year, then bee balm and salvias follow in the summer and go for months. Use these ideas or start a list you like, but always make a place for pollinators in your garden.
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side note here … i don’t “buy” annual flowers, i use perennials, most of them native and if there are annuals it is from seeds i have collected from others or my own flowers. perennials are great cost saver, and you can also divide and sell to help cover your own gardening expenses. if using native plants please do not dig up an endangered species in wild, there are places you can get seeds without disturbing plants with good home already.
perennials attract pollinators and good bugs all beneficial to your garden and life in general …
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See Also …
Create a Backyard Wildlife Habitat
Going Native: Urban Landscaping for Wildlife with Native Plants
A Guide to Native Plant Gardening
Wild Geranium ~ Geranium maculatum Plant Care Guide
Wild Geranium ~ Geranium maculatum
Geranium maculatum is commonly known as Wood Geranium, Wild Geranium and Spotted Geranium. It is a wild geranium species that belongs to the genus Geranium (Cranesbills). Geraniums, Pelargoniums (scented geraniums) and Erodiums are members of the Geraniaceae family.
Photo: Llez
Geranium maculatum is an herbaceous perennial that is native to eastern North America and Canada. In Europe, this geranium species is known as Wild Cranesbill and Spotted Cranesbill. Yet, it is not the same (but very much alike) as the Geranium sylvaticum (Wood Cranesbill, Woodland Geranium) that is native to Europe.
The Spotted Geranium is, like many other geranium species, a popular garden plant and several hybrids and varieties have been cultivated.
It is actually a true delight for every garden!
It is a tough and all round plant that does not need much care and is very easy to grow.
Because this is a wild species, this plants fits very well into a near-natural garden and wild garden and is a superb food and nectar plant for insects like butterflies, bees, bumble bees, flies, beetles and others. Furthermore, various birds and as well as chipmunks love to feed on the ripe seeds!
The flowers are soft pink to rosy-lavender in colour with delicate veins barely visible. The beautiful foliage has palmate-lobed leaves that are mid green in colour. The plants bloom from late spring to mid summer and grow in large clumps that are up to 60 centimetres tall (about 24 inches).
The seeds in the longish seed capsules (hence the name “cranesbill”) are ripe in early summer. Collect the ripe seeds and store them in appropriate bags if you want to grow them from seeds (see below).
Geranium maculatum plants like to grow in the shade especially at the base of trees, shrubs and hedges. They also make excellent border plants!
The plants are tough but they dislike very dry soils and they go dormant under dry conditions. Keep the preferably humus-rich soil evenly moist and water the plants when it is needed, but do not overwater them!
The plants are cold resistant and therefore winter hardy. You do not have to cover them for protection during winter season.
The plants are also very disease resistant.
Propagation: The seeds are best direct sown outdoors in fall. You can grow the seeds also indoors during wintertime in an unheated cellar room or greenhouse. The plants are easily propagated by division of the rhizomes and bulbs or by basal cuttings from the crown.
Cultivated Geranium Maculatum Hybrids Include:
G. maculatum ‘Beth Chatto’
This is a hardy perennial with lilac flowers and a mid-green foliage with fingered leaves.
G. maculatum ‘Elizabeth Ann’
‘Elizabeth Ann’ has bronze-coloured leaves, a reddish stem and bluish to lavender-coloured flowers that grow upright and as singles. It grows vigorously and flowers from spring to summer and reflowers sometimes in autumn.
G. maculatum ‘Album’ (albiflorum)
This subspecies has white flowers.
G. maculatum ‘Espresso’
This hybrid has maroon-leafs and lavender-coloured flowers. It blooms from early spring to early summer.
Good for Butterflies and Moths!
I mentioned it above: The Spotted Cranesbill is one of many excellent butterfly garden plants! Several species use it not only as butterfly host plants but also as nectar plants, examples include:
Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus): The adult butterflies like to consume the nectar from the flowers.
Bridled Arches (Lacinipolia lorea): The caterpillars feed on the foliage and flower buds.
Geranium Budworm Moth (Heliothis virescens, also called Tobacco Budworm Moth): The caterpillars feed on the foliage and flower buds.
White-Marked Tussock Moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma): The caterpillars feed on the foliage and flower buds
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See Also …
Geranium maculatum (Spotted geranium)
Native Plant Database
Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatumL.) By David D. Taylor
Plant Care Guides ~ National Gardening Association
Geranium maculatum ~ Wikipedia
Wild Blue Flax ~ Linum lewisii Plant Care Guide
Growing Flax: Tips For Flax Plant Care
Image by Alan Levine
By Becca Badgett
The blue flax flower, Linum lewisii, is a wildflower native to California, but can be grown with a 70% success rate in other parts of the U.S. The cup shaped, perennial flax flower begins blooming in May and will continue through September, producing abundant flowers that last only a day. Flax may reach two feet or more at maturity.
The common flax plant, Linum usitatissimum, may be grown as a commercial crop in some areas. Flax is grown for the oil of its seeds, linseed oil, a protein source for livestock. Some commercial growers plant legumes as companions of the flax flower.
How to Grow Flax
Continued bloom of the flax flower is assured if conditions are right, due to self-seeding of this plant. A single planting in early spring provides an abundance of flax flowers in late spring and summer, but re-seeding by this perennial plant assures a continued mass of growing flax in the meadow or natural area.
Soil for planting flax should be poor and barren. Sand, clay and rocky soil all contribute to best growth of this plant. Soil that is too rich or organic may cause the plant to flop or die altogether as it is overtaken by other plantings that like organic soil.
Watering the growing flax plant is usually not necessary, as the plant prefers dry soil.
Tips on how to grow flax should contain a recommendation that the location for planting flax be chosen carefully. It is probably not appropriate for a formal or worked up garden as the soil will be too rich and most other plants in that setting will need water.
After planting, flax plant care is simple, as little maintenance is needed when growing flax. Tiny seeds germinate within a month of planting and produce a wealth of growing flax. The flax flower lasts only a day, but there seems to always be another to take its place.
If you would like to grow flax, consider seeding a meadow or open area with sunny spots. Seed sparingly until you see how the flax performs, as it has been known to escape cultivation and is considered a weed by some.
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See Also …..
Linum lewisii (Blue flax)
Flax Plant Care
Linum lewisii Prairie Flax Native Blue Flax Seed & Plants
BLUE FLAX PDF Plant Care Guide
Native Plant Database
Marsh Marigold Plant Care Guide
Marsh Marigold Plant Care Guide
By Becca Badgett
Those living in mountainous areas of the upper southeast and lower Midwestern states may notice perky, yellow, buttercup-like blossoms springing up from April to June in moist woodlands and boggy areas. Likely you are seeing marsh marigolds, which may lead you to ask, exactly what are marsh marigolds?
What Are Marsh Marigolds?
Not related to traditional garden marigolds, the answer is Caltha cowlsip, or in botanical terms, Caltha palustris, a member of the Ranunculaceae family. More detail to what are marsh marigolds includes the fact that they are herbaceous perennial wildflowers or herbs.
Not a traditional herb, however, as leaves and buds of growing marsh marigold plants are poisonous unless they are cooked with several coverings of water. Old wives tales say they add the yellow color to butter, as they are a favorite of grazing cows.
Caltha cowslip is a 1 to 2 foot perennial with a mounding habit and is a succulent. The flower color on growing marsh marigold plants is on sepals, as the plant has no petals. Sepals are borne on waxy and attractive green foliage, which may be heart shaped, kidney shaped or rounded. A smaller species, the floating marsh marigold (C. natans), grows in more northern areas and has sepals of white or pink. This species has a hollow stem which floats on water.
These plants make great additions to the moist garden, and as a bonus Caltha cowslip attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
How and Where to Grow Marsh Marigolds
Growing marsh marigold plants in moist woodlands and near ponds is simple and marsh marigold care is easy to nonexistent. The Caltha cowslip basically takes care of itself and is suited only to moist areas with well draining soil. In fact, any moist or boggy area is appropriate for growing marsh marigolds. When you are growing marsh marigold plants, don’t let the soil dry out. They will survive drought conditions, but go dormant and lose their leaves.
Seeds for propagation of the Caltha cowslip form near the end of the bloom period. These can be collected and should be planted when ripe.
Now that you know the ease of marsh marigold care and where to grow marsh marigolds, try adding the Caltha cowslip to a moist area in your woodland or natural area.
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See Also …..
Native Plant Database
Marsh Marigold ~ National Gardening Club
National Pond Service ~ Marsh Marigold
Auntie Dogma's Garden Spot 
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